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(1)
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When 'C' is followed by A,O,U,K & T, it is pronounced as
‘K’ and
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When ‘C’ is preceded by a vowel it is pronounced as ‘K’
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Example:
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A -
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Cat, Can, Camera, Cater, Cattle,
Cake
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O -
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Cock, Cot, Collect, Coke, Colon, Coach, Could, Count, Coat, Concern
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U -
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Cut, Custom, Cure, Culture, Custody, Customer
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K -
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Cock, Back, Sack, Rack, Crockery
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T -
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Act ,Action, Fact, Pact, Practice, Duct
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(2)
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When word begins with ‘C’ and is followed by ‘E’, ‘I’, ‘Y’, it is
pronounced as ‘S’
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Example:
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E -
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Rice, Mice, Piece, Peace, Dice, Practice, Grocer, Celebrate
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I -
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Circle, Cinema, Citizen, Fascinate, Circus, Criticism,
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Y -
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Cycle, Cyclist, Cyclone, Cyst, Cyanide
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(3)
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When ‘C’ is followed by ‘IA’ or ‘EA’, it is pronounced as
‘SH’
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Example:
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IA -
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Social, Special, Specialty, Crucial, Financial
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EA -
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Ocean, Panacea,
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(1)
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When a word ends with ‘GE’ or ‘GE’ is a part of a word,
it is pronounced as ‘J’ and others ‘G’
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Example:
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GE -
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Cage, Coinage, Cottage, Page, Wage, Merger, Mortgage, Religion,
Lodge, Ginger, Germ, Pigeon etc. (pronounced as 'J')
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GE -
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Finger, Give, God, Ground, Singer etc. (pronounced as 'G')
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Note: There are many exceptions to this
rule.
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(1)
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When the word ends with g,
ge, gg,oe, ie ,ee and y, ‘s’
is pronounced as ‘z’
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Example:
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Songs, Eggs , Rupees, Boys, Rays, Toys Heroes,
Worries, Sees
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(2)
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When a word ends with e, f, p, pe, te, it
is pronounced as ‘s’
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Example:
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Craps, Roofs, Proofs, Traps, Helps, Crops, Hopes, Pipes, Slopes,
Kites, Shops, Jokes etc.
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(3)
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When a word with ‘s’ and ‘ss’ is followed by IA, ION, it is
pronounced as ‘SH’
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Example:
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Asian, Persian, Pension, Profession, Session, Mansion, Mission,
Passion
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(1)
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When ‘T’ is followed by ia, ie, io, it is pronounced as ‘sh’
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Example:
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Patient, Nation, Motion, Ration, Creation, Mention
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(2)
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When ‘S’ is followed by ‘TION’, ‘TIAN’ or ‘TURE’, it is pronounced as
‘CH’
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Example:
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Christian, Question, Vulture, Culture, Future
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(3)
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When ‘T’ is followed by ‘H’ then it is pronounced as “TH”
/ “DH”
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Example:
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TH -
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Thirteen, Throw, Thrive , Three
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DH -
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This
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TH -
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That, Then ,There, Than
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WHEN CONSONANTS ARE SILENT
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In following words Consonants remains Silent
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Example:
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B -
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Doubt
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L -
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Chalk, Talk, Walk, Palm, Calm
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K -
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Know, Knowledge, Knife, Knight
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GH -
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Right, Light, Plight, Flight
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N -
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Column, Autumn, Solemn
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P -
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Psychology, Pneumonia, Pneumatic
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