A complex sentence is characterized by
one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
একটি Complex sentence এ একটি
independent clause এবং কমপক্ষে একটি
dependent clause থাকে।
Such as, I will wait here until you
come.
On the other hand, a compound sentence
is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as
separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
পক্ষান্তরে একটি
compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি
independent clause থাকে যারা পৃথক
sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে এবং coordinating conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে ।
Such as, Listening to music and singing
songs are my hobbies.
The rules for transforming complex
sentence to compound sentence are discussed below.
Complex sentence কে
compound sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম নীচে বর্ণিত হলো ।
Rule
1:
If the complex sentence has
“though”/”Although” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the
conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে
“though”/”Although” থাকলে, compound sentence “but”/”yet”
conjunction দিয়ে পৃথক
clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে ।
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Complex: Although she is ill, she worked
very hard.
Compound: She is ill, yet she worked
very hard.
Complex: Though the class was lengthy,
the class was enjoyable.
Compound: The class was lengthy, but it
was enjoyable.
Rule
2:
If the complex sentence has “lest” in
the middle having “should” after the person, the compound sentence will use the
conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect the different clauses, and future tense
will be used in the second clause.
Complex sentence এর মাঝে যদি
“lest” থাকে এবং
person এর পরে
“should” থাকে তবে
compound sentence এ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” ব্যবহার করে পৃথক
clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করা হয় এবং দ্বিতীয়
clause এ
future tense হয় ।
Complex: Study hard lest you should
fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: Practice hard lest you should
be out of the cricket team.
Compound: Practice hard otherwise you
will be out of the cricket team.
Rule
3:
If the complex sentence has “As soon as”
in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction “and” to join
the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “As
soon as” থাকলে,
compound sentence “and” conjunction দিয়ে পৃথক
clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে ।
Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we
started the journey.
Compound: The rain stopped, and we
started the journey.
Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the
hero, they started shouting.
Compound: The crowd saw the hero and
started shouting.
Rule
4:
If the complex sentence has
“since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use
“and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” to connect the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে
“since”/”as”/”when” থাকলে, compound sentence
“and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” দিয়ে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে ।
Complex: Since the weather was bad, the
match did not take place.
Compound: The weather was bad, and the
match did not take place.
Complex: As she was ill, she did not
come.
Compound: She was ill, so she did not
come.
Complex: When it is evening, the sun has
set to the west.
Compound: The sun has set to the west,
and therefore it is evening.
Rule
5:
If the complex sentence has relative
pronoun “who”, the compound sentence will use “and” in that place and object of
the first clause will be the subject of the second clause.
Complex sentence এ
relative pronoun “who” থাকলে, compound sentence সে স্থানে
“and” ব্যবহার করে এবং প্রথম
clause এর
object দ্বিতীয়
clause এর
subject হয়ে যায় ।
Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.
Compound: I saw a girl, and she was
singing.
Complex: I have a friend who is a
writer.
Compound: I have a friend, and she is a
writer.
Rule
6:
If the complex sentence starts with “if”
having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning while
transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form
of pronoun+ affirmative form of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে
first or third person থাকলে এবং তা যদি
negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তবে compound করার সময় এই
structure follow করা হয় “Let+ pronoun এর
object form + subordinate clause এর
affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause” ।
Complex: If I do not go there I will be
unable to learn it.
Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I
will be unable to learn it.
Complex: if I do not study hard I will
be unable to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise
I will be unable to get good marks.
Rule
7:
If the complex sentence starts with “if”
having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form while
transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form
of pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+ main clause”.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে
first or third person থাকলে এবং তা যদি
affirmative form এ থাকে তবে compound করার সময় এই
structure follow করা হয়, “Let+ pronoun এর object form + দুই clauses এর মাঝে “and” + main clause” ।
Complex: If I go there, I will be able
to learn it.
Compound: let me go there, and I will be
able to learn it.
Complex: if I study hard, I will be able
to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard, and I will
be able to get good marks.
Rule
8:
When the complex sentence starts with
“if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning, the
compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of
verb+ or/otherwise + the main clause.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে
second person থাকলে এবং তা যদি
negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তবে compound করার সময় “If
you do not” উঠে গিয়ে
verb এর
affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause হয় ।
Complex: If you do not study hard, you
will fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not practice more, you
cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice more, or you cannot
become a good singer.
Rule
9:
When the complex sentence starts with
“if” having the second person after it and it’s in affirmative form, the
compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of
verb+ and + main clause.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে second
person থাকলে এবং তা যদি
affirmative form এ থাকে তবে
compound করার সময় “If
you do not” উঠে গিয়ে
verb এর
affirmative form + and + main clause হয় ।
Complex: If you study hard, you will get
good marks.
Compound: Study hard, and you will get
good marks.
Complex: If you read more, your writing
capability will increase.
Compound: Read more, and your writing
capability will increase.
Rule
10:
If the complex sentence has “so…that”
form, the compound sentence will follow this rule, “very “ in place of “so”;
”and” in place of “that” +so/hence/therefore+ main clause.
Complex sentence যদি
“so…that” form এ থাকে তবে
compound sentence এই নিয়ম follow করবে,
“so” এর স্থানে
“very “; “that” এর স্থানে ”and” +so/hence/therefore +
main clause ।
Complex: I am so tired that I cannot
work.
Compound: I am very tired, and
so/hence/therefore I cannot work.
Complex: The place is so crowded that I
cannot find a place to stand.
Compound: The place is very crowded, and
so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.
Rule
11:
If the complex sentence starts with
“Unless” following second person(you), the compound sentence will follow this
structure, “Unless and you will be omitted + ”or” between two clauses+ main
clause.”
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “Unless” ও এর পরে
second person (you) থাকলে , compound sentence এই
structure follow করবে,
“Unless ও you উঠে যাবে + দুই
clause এর মাঝে
”or” + main clause ।
Complex: Unless you say prayers, you
cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot
advise anyone to say prayers.
Complex: Unless you practice hard, you
cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot
become a good singer.
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