Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম
Voice Change (Active to Passive)
Voice-কে active থেকে passive করার নিয়মগুলো নিচে বর্ণিত হল:
Rule 1:
a. Active voice-এর
subject passive voice-এর object-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
Active voice’s
subject is changed to passive voice’s object.
b. Active voice-এর object passive voice-এর subject-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
Active voice’s
object is changed to passive voice’s subject.
c. মূল verb-এর past
participle ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং auxiliary verb/ be verb নির্বাচন করা হয় subject এবং tense
অনুযায়ী ।
Main verb’s
past participle is used, and auxiliary verb/ be verb is chosen according to
subject and tense.
Example:
o
I write
poems. (Active)
o
Poems are
written by me. (Passive)
Rule 2:
⇒ Indefinite tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a. Present- Object’s
subject+ am/is/are+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
o
She praises
me. (Active)
o
I am
praised by her. (Passive)
o
I praise
her. (Active)
o
She is
praised by me. (Passive)
b. Past- Object’s subject+
was/were+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
o
She praised
me. (Active)
o
I was
praised by her. (Passive)
o
She praised
them. (Active)
o
They were
praised by her. (Passive)
c. Future- Object’s
subject+ shall be/will be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
o
She will
praise me. (Active)
o
I shall be
praised by her. (Passive)
o
She will
praise him. (Active)
o
He will be
praised by her. (Passive)
⇒ Continuous tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a. Present- Object’s
subject+ am being/is being/are being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s
object
Example:
o
She is
praising me. (Active)
o
I am being
praised by her. (Passive)
o
She is
praising him. (Active)
o
He is being
praised by her. (Passive)
o
She is
praising them. (Active)
o
They are
being praised by her. (Passive)
b. Past- Object’s subject+ was
being/ were being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
o
She was
praising me. (Active)
o
I was being
praised by her. (Passive)
o
She was
praising them. (Active)
o
They were
being praised by her. (Passive)
c. Future- Object’s
subject+ shall be being/will be being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s
object
Example:
o
She will be
praising me. (Active)
o
I shall be
being praised by her. (Passive)
o
She will be
praising them. (Active)
o
They will
be being praised by her. (Passive)
⇒ Perfect tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a. Present- Object’s
subject+ has been/ have been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
o
She has
praised him. (Active)
o
He has been
praised by her. (Passive)
o
She has
praised me. (Active)
o
I have been
praised by her. (Passive)
b. Past- Object’s subject+ had
been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
o
She had
praised me. (Active)
o
I had been
praised by her. (Passive)
c. Future- Object’s
subject+ shall have been/ will have been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s
object
Example:
o
She will
have praised me. (Active)
a.
I shall have been praised by
her. (Passive)
o
She will
have praised him. (Active)
o
He will
have been praised by her. (Passive)
Rule 3:
May/might/can/could/must/ought to/going to-যুক্ত Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
Object’s
subject+ may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to+ be+ Verb’s past
participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
o
You must
write the poem. (Active)
o
The poem
must be written by you. (Passive)
o
She may
help you. (Active)
o
You may be
helped by her. (Passive)
o
We ought to
obey our parents. (Active)
o
Our parents
ought to be obeyed by us. (Passive)
o
We are
going to organize a party. (Active)
o
A party is
going to be organized by us. (Passive)
Rule 4:
Imperative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a. Main verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া
Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Let+ Object’s
subject + be+ verb’s past participle
Example:
o
Write the
article. (Active)
o
Let the
article be written. (Passive)
o
Prepare the
assignment. (Active)
o
Let the
assignment be prepared. (Passive)
b. “Do not” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া
Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Let not +
Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle
Example:
o
Do not
write the article. (Active)
o
Let not the
article be written. (Passive)
o
Do not
prepare the assignment. (Active)
o
Let not the
assignment be prepared. (Passive)
c. Sentence “Let” দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর
personal object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-
Let+ Object’s
subject + be + verb’s past participle+ personal object
Example:
o
Let me
write the article. (Active)
o
Let the
article be written by me. (Passive)
o
Let him
write the letter. (Active)
o
Let the
letter be written by him. (Passive)
d. “Never” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া
Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Let not +
Object’s subject + ever be + verb’s past participle
Example:
o
Never
deceive anyone. (Active)
o
Let not
anyone ever be deceived. (Passive)
o
Never go
there. (Active)
o
Let not
there ever be gone. (Passive)
e. Sentence main verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর
personal object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-
Let+ direct
object + be+ verb’s past participle + for + personal object
Example:
o
Give me a
pencil. (Active)
o
Let a
pencil be given for me. (Passive)
o
Give me an
eraser. (Active)
o
Let an
eraser be given for me. (Passive)
Rule 5:
Interrogative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a. Interrogative Sentence-কে
Assertive Sentence-এ রূপান্তরিত করা হয়+ পরিবর্তিত Assertive sentence-কে
passive form-এ নেয়া হয়+ পরিবর্তিত passive voice-এর
auxiliary verb-কে sentence-এর শুরুতে বসান হয়+
Object-এর
subject+ ……..+ by+ Subject-এর object+ প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন
(Tense অনুসারে করা হয়)।
Interrogative Sentence is changed to Assertive Sentence+ Changed
Assertive sentence is taken to passive form+ Changed passive voice’s auxiliary
verb is put at the starting of sentence+ Object’s subject+…. ……..+ by+
subject’s object+ note of interrogation (Done according to Tense)
Example:
o
Have you
written the article? (Active)
o
You have
written the article. (Assertive)
o
The article
has been written by you. (Passive of Assertive)
o
Has the
article been written by you? (Passive of the main sentence)
o
Are you
writing the article? (Active)
o
You are
writing the article. (Assertive)
o
The article
is being written by you. (Passive of Assertive)
o
Is the
article being written by you? (Passive of the main sentence)
b. “Who” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া
Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Who-এর পরিবর্তে By
whom+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ object-এর
subject+ কোন কোনসময় tense অনুযায়ী “be/being/been” ব্যবহৃত হয়+
Verb-এর past
participle+?
By whom instead
of a who+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ object’s subject+
sometimes “be/being/been” is used according to tense+ Verb’s past participle+?
Example:
o
Who is
writing the poem? (Active)
o
By whom is
the poem being written? (Passive)
c. “Whom”- দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া
Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Whom এর পরিবর্তে Who+
Tense এবং
person-অনুসারে
Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ subject-এর
object+?
Who instead of
a whom+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+
by+ subject’s object+?
Example:
o
Whom did
you recommend? (Active)
o
Who was
recommended by you? (Passive)
d. “What”- দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া
Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
What+ Tense এবং
person-অনুসারে
Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ subject-এর
object+? (Tense অনুসারে করা হয়) ।
What+ Auxiliary
verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s
object+? (Done according to Tense)
Example:
o
What is he
doing? (Active)
o
What is
being done by him? (Passive)
o
What does
he need? (Active)
o
What is
needed by him? (Passive)
Rule 6:
Active sentence যার নিম্নরূপ কাঠামো:
Subject + verb
+ object +present participle-একে নিম্নরূপে passive করা হয়:
Object-এর
subject+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past
participle+ present participle-যুক্ত অংশ+ by + subject-এর object।
The active sentence having structure like this-
Subject + verb
+ object +present participle is changed into passive in the following
way: Object’s subject+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s
past participle+ the part having present participle+ by + subject’s object.
Example:
o
I saw him
performing the dance. (Active)
o
He was seen
performing the dance by me. (Passive)
Rule 7:
Active voice-এর double object থাকলে Passive voice-এর কাঠামো:
দুটি object-এর যেকোনটি subject হিসেবে নেয়া হয় (ব্যক্তিবাচক
object-টি পরিবর্তন করা ভাল)
+Tense এবং
person-অনুসারে
Auxiliary verb +Verb-এর past participle+ অন্য
object+ by+ active voice-এর subject-টি
object হিসেবে লেখা হয়।
Passive voice’s structure in case of Active voice having double
object-
Anyone of the
two object is taken as the subject (Changing the personal object is better) +
Verb’s past participle+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ the other
object+ by+ active voice’s subject is written as the object.
Example:
o
I gave her
a dress. (Active)
o
She was
given a dress by me. (Passive)
Rule 8:
Complex এবং
compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে
passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয়
clause-এর voice
পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
In case of
transforming active voice with the complex and compound sentence, into passive,
the voices of both clauses are changed.
Example:
o
I know that
he sang the song. (Active)
o
It is known
to me that the song was sung by him. (Passive)
Note:
Active voice যদি
“People say” দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তবে একে passive করতে হলে, এর শুরুতে “It
is said that” ব্যবহৃত হয়।
If the active
voice is started with “People say” while transforming it into passive “It is
said that” is used in the beginning.
Example:
o
People say
that Dhaka is the city of mosques. (Active)
o
It is said
that Dhaka is the city of mosques. (Passive)
Rule 9:
সাধারণত: intransitive verb-এর
passive voice হয় না। কিন্তু যদি intransitive verb-এর পরে
preposition যুক্ত হয়ে একটি group verb তৈরী করে এবং এটি intransitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে passive রূপের
structure হবে-
Object হবে
subject+ Tense অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past
participle+ প্রদত্ত preposition+ by+ subject-এর object।
Generally, the intransitive verb doesn’t have any passive voice.
But if preposition is added after the intransitive verb it creates a group
verb, and it is used as an intransitive verb then the structure of the passive
form will be-
Object will be
subject+ Auxiliary verb according to Tense+ Verb’s past participle+ given preposition+
by+ subject’s object.
Example:
o
The boy
took care of the parrots. (Active)
o
The parrots
were taken care of by the boy. (Passive)
Rule 10:
Active voice-এ Reflexive objective যেমন: myself, yourself, himself,
herself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves, প্রভৃতি থাকলে Passive-এর কাঠামো-
Active voice-এর একই
subject passive form-এ ও+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past
participle+ by+ reflexive object।
Passive voice’s structure in case of active
voice having Reflexive objective like myself, yourself, himself, herself,
yourselves, ourselves, themselves, etc.-
Same subject of
the active voice in passive form + Auxiliary verb according to tense and
person+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ the reflexive object.
Example:
o
He mocked
himself. (Active)
o
He was
mocked by himself. (Passive)
Rule 11:
Factitive object/ Complementary object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-
দ্রষ্টব্য: যদি কোন বাক্যে
transitive verb যেমন: call, make, name, nominate, elect,
select, প্রভৃতি থাকে কিন্তু একটি পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে একটি অতিরিক্ত
object ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে এই অতিরিক্ত
objectটিকে
Factitive object/ Complementary object বলে।
Him, her, me, us, you, them, প্রভৃতিকে active রূপে নেয়া হয় এবং subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Tense and person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ factitive object+ by+ subject-এর object.
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having Factitive object/ Complementary
object-
Note: If a sentence has a
transitive verb like call, make, name, nominate, elect, select, etc. but still
can’t express a full meaning and an extra object is used to have the full
meaning. This extra object is called Factitive object/ Complementary object.
Him, her, me,
us, you, them etc. are taken to active form and used as subject+ Auxiliary verb
according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ factitive object+ by+
subject’s object.
Example:
o
They made
me a moderator. (Active)
o
I was made
a moderator by them. (Passive)
Rule 12:
Cognate object-যুক্ত active voice-এর Passive কাঠামো-
Cognate object: কিছু intransitive verb কিছু সাহায্যকারী
object ব্যবহার করে
transitive verb-এর মত আচরণ করে। এই সাহায্যকারী object-গুলোকে Cognate object বলে।
Object-টি subject
হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+
Tense অনুসারে
Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ Subject-এর
object.
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having cognate object-
Cognate object: Some
intransitive verbs use some supporting object and act as a transitive verb.
These supporting objects are called as a Cognate object.
The object is
used as subject+ Auxiliary verb according to tense+ Verb’s past participle+ by+
Subject’s object.
Example:
o
He wrote a
poem. (Active)
o
A poem was
written by him. (Passive)
Rule 13:
Infinitive-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-
Active voice-এর
subject+ tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb+ infinitive-এর পরের
object (যদি থাকে) + to
be + infinitive-এর পরের verb-এর past participle
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having infinitive-
Active voice’s
subject+ main verb according to tense and person + object situated after
infinitive (if there is) + to be + past participle of the verb after
infinitive.
Example:
o
He wants
you to give a speech. (Active)
o
He wants a
speech to be given. (Passive)
Rule 14:
Gerund combinations যেমন: suggest/recommend/advise/propose+
gerund+ object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-
Active voice-এর
subject+ মূল verb+ that+ gerund-এর পরের object+ should be+ gerund-কে verb-এ পরিণত করে তার past
participle.
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having gerund combinations, i.e.,
suggest/recommend/advise/propose+ gerund+ object-
Given active
voice’s subject+ main verb+ that+ the object after the gerund+ should be+ the
gerund is converted into a verb and its past participle.
Example:
o
He proposed
watching the movie. (Active)
o
He proposed
that the movie should be watched. (Passive)
Rule 15:
Determine/arrange/be determined/demand/decide/ be anxious, etc.+
infinitive + object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো:
Active voice-এর
subject+ মূল verb+ that+ infinitive -এর পরের object+ should be+ infinitive-কে verb-এ পরিণত করে তার past
participle.
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having determine/arrange/be
determined/demand/decide/ be anxious, etc.+ infinitive + object-
Given active
voice’s subject+ main verb+ that+ the object after the infinitive+ should be+
the infinitive is converted into a verb and its past participle.
Example:
o
He decided
to prepare the proposal. (Active)
o
He decided
that the proposal should be prepared. (Passive)
Rule 16:
One+ should-যুক্ত active voice-এর Passive কাঠামো-
Object-এর
subject+ should be+ Verb-এর past participle.
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having One+ should-
Object’s
subject+ should be+ Verb’s past participle.
Example:
o
One should
perform one’s prayers. (Active)
o Prayers should be performed. (Passive)
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