Passive Voice কে Active Voice পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম
Voice-কে passive থেকে active করার নিয়মগুলো নিচে বর্ণিত হল:
Rule 1:
a) Passive voice-এর
object active voice-এর subject-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
Passive voice’s
object is changed to active voice’s subject.
b) Passive voice-এর subject Active voice-এর object-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
Passive voice’s
subject is changed to active voice’s object.
c) Subject এবং tense
অনুসারে main
verb বা এর past/
future রূপ ব্যবহার করা হয় verb-এর past
participle-এর পরিবর্তে; auxiliary verb/ be verb এবং by উঠিয়ে দেয়া হয়।
Main verb or
it’s past/ future form is used instead of verb’s past participle according to
subject and tense; auxiliary verb/ be verb and by are being removed.
Example:
o
Designs are
prepared by me. (Passive)
o
I prepare
designs. (Active)
Rule 2:
⇒ Indefinite tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:
a) Present- Subject-এর
object+ am/is/are বাদ+ past participle-এর পরিবর্তে
subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb+
by বাদ+
Object-এর
subject
Subject’s
object+ am/is/are is removed+ Main verb instead of past participle according to
subject+ by is removed+ Object’s subject
Example:
o
I am
supported by her. (Passive)
o
She
supports me. (Active)
o
She is
supported by me. (Passive)
o
I support
her. (Active)
b) Past- Subject-এর
object+ was/were বাদ+ past participle-এর পরিবর্তে
subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb-এর past
form + by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Subject’s
object+ was/were is removed+ Main verb’s past form instead of past participle +
by is removed+ Object’s subject
Example:
o
I was
supported by her. (Passive)
o
She
supported me. (Active)
o
They were
supported by her. (Passive)
o
She
supported them. (Active)
c) Future- Subject-এর
object+ shall/will+ be বাদ+ past participle-এর পরিবর্তে
subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb
by বাদ+
Object-এর subject
Subject’s
object+ shall/will+ be is removed+ Main verb instead of past participle + by is
removed+ Object’s subject
Example:
o
I shall be
assisted by her. (Passive)
o
She will
assist me. (Active)
o
He will be
assisted by her. (Passive)
o
She will
assist him. (Active)
⇒ Continuous tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:
a) Present- Subject-এর
object+ am/is/are+ being বাদ+ মূল verb+ ing + by বাদ+
Object-এর
subject
Subject’s
object+ am/is/are+ being is removed+ Main verb+ ing + by is removed+ Object’s
subject
Example:
o I am being
supported by her. (Passive)
o She is
supporting me. (Active)
o He is being
supported by her. (Passive)
o She is
supporting him. (Active)
o They are being
supported by her. (Passive)
o She is
supporting them. (Active)
b)
Past- Subject-এর object+ was/were+ being বাদ + মূল verb+ ing + by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Subject’s
object+ was/were+ being is removed+ Main verb+ ing + by is removed+ Object’s
subject
Example:
o I was being
supported by her. (Passive)
o She was
supporting me. (Active)
o They were being
supported by her. (Passive)
o She was
supporting them. (Active)
c)
Future- Subject-এর object+ shall/will + being বাদ+ মূল verb+ ing + by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Subject’s
object+ shall/will + being is removed+ Main verb+ ing + by is removed+ Object’s
subject
Example:
o I shall be being
supported by her. (Passive)
o She will be
supporting me. (Active)
o They will be
being supported by her. (Passive)
o She will be
supporting them. (Active)
⇒ Perfect tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active
voice-এর structure:
c)
Present- Subject-এর object+ has/have+ been বাদ+ Verb-এর past participle+ by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Subject’s object+ has/have+ been is removed+ Verb’s past
participle+ by is removed+ Object’s subject
Example:
o
He has been
supported by her. (Passive)
o
She has
supported him. (Active)
o
I have been
supported by her. (Passive)
o
She has
supported me. (Active)
b) Past- Subject-এর
object+ had+ been বাদ+ Verb-এর past participle+ by বাদ+
Object-এর
subject
Subject’s
object+ had+ been is removed+ Verb’s past participle+ by is removed+ Object’s
subject
Example:
o
I had been
supported by her. (Passive)
o
She had
supported me. (Active)
c) Future- Subject-এর
object+ shall have /will have + been বাদ+ Verb-এর past participle+ by বাদ+
Object-এর
subject
Subject’s
object+ shall have /will have + been is removed+ Verb’s past participle+ by is
removed+ Object’s subject
Example:
o
I shall
have been supported by her. (Passive)
o
She will
have supported me. (Active)
o
He will
have been supported by her. (Passive)
o
She will
have supported him. (Active)
Rule 3:
May/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to + be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ object-যুক্ত Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:
Subject-এর
object+ may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to+ be বাদ+ past
participle-এর পরিবর্তে মূল verb+ by বাদ+
Object-এর
subject
Active voice’s structure in case of Sentence having
may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to + be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ object
Subject’s
object+ may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to+ be is removed+ main verb
instead of past participle+ by is removed + Object’s subject
Example:
o
You may be
assisted by her. (Passive)
o
She may
assist you. (Active)
o
The song
must be sung by you. (Passive)
o
You must
sing the song. (Active)
o
A picnic is
going to be arranged by us. (Passive)
o
We are
going to arrange a picnic. (Active)
Rule 4:
Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:
a) Let+ Object’s subject +
be+ verb’s past participle-এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে
active করা হয়-
Sentence মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হবে+
Object-এর
subject
Passive voice
with this structure: Let+ Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle, will
be turned into the active form in the following way-
Sentence will
start with main verb+ Object’s subject
Example:
o
Let the
design be prepared. (Passive)
o
Prepare the
design. (Active)
b) Let not + Object’s subject
+ be+ verb’s past participle- এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে
active করা হয়-
Sentence “Do
not” দিয়ে শুরু হবে+ মূল verb+
Object-এর
subject
Passive voice with this structure: Let not + Object’s subject +
be+ verb’s past participle will be turned into the active form in the following
way-
Sentence will
start with “Do not” + main verb+ Object’s subject
Example:
o
Let not the
math be done. (Passive)
o
Do not do
the math. (Active)
c) Let+ Object’s subject + be
+ verb’s past participle+ personal object (me/us/him/her/you/them) - এই কাঠামোযুক্ত
passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Let+ Personal
object+ মূল verb+
Object-এর
subject
Passive voice
with this structure: Let+ Object’s subject + be + verb’s past participle+
personal object (me/us/him/her/you/them) will be turned into active in the
following way-
Let+ Personal
object+ main verb+ Object’s subject
Example:
o
Let the
poem be written by me. (Passive)
o
Let me
write the poem. (Active)
o
Let the
poem be written by him. (Passive)
o
Let him
write the poem. (Active)
d) Let not + Object’s subject
+ ever be + verb’s past participle- এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে
active করা হয়-
Never দিয়ে
Sentence শুরু হবে+ মূল verb+ Object-এর
subject
Passive voice
with this structure: Let not + Object’s subject + ever be + verb’s past
participle will be turned into the active form in the following way-
Sentence will
start with “Never” + main verb+ object’s subject
Example:
o
Let not
anyone ever be (Passive)
o
Never
mistreat anyone. (Active)
e) Let+ direct object + be+
verb’s past participle + for + personal object (me/us/him/her/you/them) এই কাঠামোযুক্ত
passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Sentence মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হবে+
personal object+ direct object
Passive voice
with this structure: Let+ direct object + be+ verb’s past participle + for +
personal object (me/us/him/her/you/them) will be turned into active in the
following way-
Sentence will
start with the main verb+ personal object+ direct object
Example:
o
Let an
eraser be given for (Passive)
o
Give me an
eraser. (Active)
Rule 5:
Interrogative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:
a) Sentence-এর শুরুতে
auxiliary verb + Object’s subject+…. ……..+ by+ subject’s object+ প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন
(Tense অনুযায়ী করা)-এই কাঠামোযুক্ত
passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Auxiliary verb+
Subject’s object+ Tense অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ + Object’s subject+?
Passive voice
with this structure: auxiliary verb at the starting of sentence+ Object’s
subject+…. ……..+ by+ subject’s object+ note of interrogation (Done according to
Tense)
will be turned
into the active voice in the following way-
Auxiliary verb+
Subject’s object+ verb’s form according to Tense+ Object’s subject+ ?
Example:
o
Has the
assignment been prepared by you? (Passive)
o
Have you
prepared the assignment? (Active)
b) By whom + Tense এবং
person অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb + object’s subject+ কখনও কখনও tense অনুযায়ী
“be/being/been” ব্যবহৃত হয় + Verb’s past participle+? -এই কাঠামোযুক্ত
passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Who দিয়ে
sentence শুরু হবে+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb+ tense এবং
person অনুযায়ী Verb-এর রূপ +
subject’s object.
Passive voice
with this structure: By whom + auxiliary verb according to tense and person+
object’s subject+ sometimes “be/being/been” is used according to tense+ Verb’s
past participle+? -will be turned into the active voice in the following way-
The sentence will
start with who+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s form
according to tense and person+ subject’s object.
Example:
o
By whom is
the proposal being prepared? (Passive)
o
Who is
preparing the proposal? (Active)
c) Who+ Tense এবং
person অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb + Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? -এই কাঠামোযুক্ত
passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Whom দিয়ে
sentence শুরু হবে+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + Verb’s past
participle+ by+ subject’s object+?
Passive voice
with this structure: Who+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s
past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? -will be turned into the active voice
in the following way-
The sentence
will start with whom+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past
participle+ by+ subject’s object+?
Example:
o
Who was
recommended by you? (Passive)
o
Whom did
you recommend? (Active)
d) What+ Tense এবং
person অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb + Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? (Tense অনুযায়ী করা)- এই কাঠামোযুক্ত
passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
What দিয়ে
sentence শুরু হবে+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + subject’s object+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+?
Passive voice
with this structure: What+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s
past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? (Done according to Tense) -will be
turned into the active form in the following way-
The sentence
will start with What+ + Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ subject’s
object+ verb’s form according to tense and person+?
Example:
o
What has
been done by you? (Passive)
o
What have
you done? (Active)
Rule 6:
Object’s
subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + Verb’s past
participle+ present participle-যুক্ত একটি অংশ + by + subject’s object - এই কাঠামোযুক্ত
passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Subject + verb
+ object +present participle+ Subject’s object
Passive voice having structure like this-
Object’s
subject+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+
a part having present participle+ by + subject’s object - will be turned into
the active voice in the following way-
Subject + verb
+ object +present participle+ Subject’s object
Example:
o
He was seen
singing the song by me. (Passive)
o
I saw him
singing the song. (Active)
Rule 7:
Double object এবং এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
দুইটির মধ্যে যেকোন একটি object-কে subject হিসেবে ধরা হয় (সাধারণতঃ
personal object-টি) + Verb’s past participle+ Tense এবং
person অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb+ অন্য object+ by+ Subject’s object- active
form
হবে নিম্নরূপঃ
Subject’s
object+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+ personal object+ অন্য object.
Passive voice having double object and structure like this-
Anyone of the
two object is taken as the subject (generally personal object is subject) +
Verb’s past participle+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ the other
object+ by+ Subject’s object- will be turned into the active form in the
following way-
Subject’s
object+ verb’s form according to tense and person+ personal object+ the other
object.
Example:
o
She was
given a book by me. (Passive)
o
I gave her
a book. (Active)
Rule 8:
“It is known to me” structure-যুক্ত passive voice-কে
এই রূপে active করা হয়…..”I know that…”( Tense এবং
person অনুযায়ী করা হয়)
Passive voice having “It is known to me” structure-
Will be
transformed into active in this way…..”I know that…”(Done according to tense
and person)
Example:
o
It is known
to me that the speech was given by him. (Passive)
o
I know that
he gave the speech. (Active)
দ্রষ্টব্য:
যদি passive voice-টি “It
is said that” দিয়ে শুরু হয় তবে একে active রূপে নিতে শুরুতে “People say” ব্যবহার করা হয়।
Note:
If the passive
voice is started with “It is said that” while transforming it into active
“People say” is used in the beginning.
Example:
o
It is said
that Bangladesh is the land of rivers. (Passive)
o
People say
that Bangladesh is the land of rivers. (Active)
Rule 9:
সাধারণতঃ intransitive verb-এর
passive voice হয় না। কিন্তু যদি intransitive verb-এর পরে
preposition যোগ করে একটি group verb তৈরী হয় এবং এটা
intransitive verb-এর মত ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে passive রূপের কাঠামো হবে-
Subject+ Tense অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb+ Verb’s past participle+ preposition+ by+ subject’s object.
একে নিম্নরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হয়-
Object হবে
subject+ tense এবং person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+ preposition+ subject হবে
object.
Generally, the
intransitive verb doesn’t have any passive voice. But if preposition is added
after the intransitive verb it creates a group verb and it is used as an
intransitive verb, the structure of the passive form will be-
Subject+
Auxiliary verb according to Tense+ Verb’s past participle+ given preposition+
by+ subject’s object.
It is turned
into the active form in the following way-
The object will
be subject+ verb’s form according to tense and person+ given preposition+
subject will be the object.
Example:
o
The cats
were taken care of by the boy. (Passive)
o
The boy
took care of the cats. (Active)
Rule 10:
নিম্নোক্ত কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে active voice-এর কাঠামো-
Subject+ Tense এবং
person অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ the reflexive object (myself, yourself, himself, herself, yourselves,
ourselves, themselves, প্রভৃতি):
Subject+ Tense এবং
person অনুযায়ী মূল verb-এর রূপ+ the
reflexive object
Active voice’s structure in case of passive voice having structure
like this-
Subject+
Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ the
reflexive object (myself, yourself, himself, herself, yourselves, ourselves,
themselves, etc.):
Subject+ Main
verb’s form according to tense and person+ the reflexive object
Example:
o
He was hurt
by himself. (Passive)
o
He hurt
himself. (Active)
Rule 11:
নিম্নোক্ত কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে active voice-এর কাঠামো-
Subject+ Tense এবং
person অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb+ Verb’s past participle+ factitive object+ by+ subject’s object:
Him, her, me,
us, you, them, প্রভৃতিকে active রূপে নেয়া হয় এবং subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+
Tense এবং
person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+
subject’s object+ factitive object.
Active voice’s structure in case of passive voice having structure
like this-
Subject+
Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ factitive
object+ by+ subject’s object:
Him, her, me,
us, you, them etc. are taken to active form and used as subject+ Verb’s form
according to tense and person+ subject’s object+ factitive object.
Example:
o
I was made
the leader by them. (Passive)
o
They made
me the leader. (Active)
দ্রষ্টব্য: যদি একটি বাক্যে একটি transitive verb যেমনঃ call,
make, name, nominate, elect, select, প্রভৃতি থাকা সত্ত্বেও একটি পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে না পারে এবং একটি অতিরিক্ত object ব্যবহার করে পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করা হয় তবে এই অতিরিক্ত object-টিকে Factitive object/ Complementary
object বলে।
Note: If a sentence has a
transitive verb like call, make, name, nominate, elect, select, etc. but still
can’t express a full meaning and an extra object is used to have the full
meaning. This extra object is called Factitive object/ Complementary object.
Rule 12:
Cognate object এবং এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
subject+ Tense এবং
person অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ Subject’s object-একে নিম্নরূপে
active রূপে নেয়া হবে-
Object হবে
subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb-এর রূপ+ Cognate object.
Cognate object:
কিছু intransitive verb কিছু সাহায্যকারী
object ব্যবহার করে এবং
transitive verb-এর মত আচরণ করে। এই সাহায্যকারী object-গুলোকে Cognate object বলে।
Passive voice having cognate object and having structure like
this-
subject+ Auxiliary
verb according to tense+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ Subject’s object-
will be taken
to the active voice form in this way:
Object will be
subject+ main verb’s form according to tense and person+ Cognate object
Cognate object: Some
intransitive verbs use some supporting object and act as a transitive verb.
These supporting objects are called as a Cognate object.
Example:
o
A pizza was
made by him. (Passive)
o
He made a
pizza. (Active)
Rule 13:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
subject+ মূল verb+ object + to be + verb-এর past participle-একে নিম্নরূপে
active রূপে নেয়া হবে:
Passive voice-এর
subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb+ second person+ infinitive+
object.
Passive voice having structure like this-
subject+ main
verb+ object + to be + past participle of the verb - will be taken to the
active form in this way:
Passive voice’s
subject+ main verb according to tense and person+ second person+ infinitive+
object.
Example:
o
He wants a
song to be sung. (Passive)
o
He wants
you to sing a song. (Active)
Rule 14:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
subject+ main
verb (suggest/recommend/advise/propose) + that+ the object + should be+ verb’s
past participle-কে এভাবে active রূপে নেয়া হবে:
Passive voice’s
subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb + gerund+ object.
Passive voice having structure like this-
subject+ main
verb (suggest/recommend/advise/propose) + that+ the object + should be+ verb’s
past participle- will be taken to active form in this way:
Passive voice’s
subject+ main verb according to tense and person+ gerund+ object.
Example:
o
He proposed
that the song should be listened to. (Passive)
o
He proposed
listening to the song. (Active)
Rule 15:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
subject+ main
verb (determine/arrange/be determined/demand/decide/ be anxious, প্রভৃতি) +
that+ the object + should be+ verb’s past participle-একে নিম্নরূপে
active রূপে নেয়া হয়:
Passive voice’s
subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb + infinitive+ object.
Passive voice having structure like this-
subject+ main
verb (determine/arrange/be determined/demand/decide/ be anxious, etc.) + that+
the object + should be+ verb’s past participle- will be taken to active form in
this way:
Passive voice’s
subject+ main verb according to tense and person+ infinitive+ object.
Example:
o
He decided
that the speech should be given. (Passive)
o
He decided
to give the speech. (Active)
Rule 16:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Object’s
subject+ should be+ Verb’s past participle-একে এইরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হয়:
One+ should+ মূল verb+
object
Passive voice having structure like this-
Object’s
subject+ should be+ Verb’s past participle- will be taken to the active form in
this way:
One+ should+
main verb+ object
Example:
o
The duty
should be performed. (Passive)
o One should perform the duty. (Active)
No comments